In this issue of the Cybercrime Judicial Monitor (CJM), three main sections are elaborated. In the first section on legislation an overview is given on the legislative developments which took place in 2016 in the area of cybercrime, cyber-related matters and electronic evidence.

The judicial analysis section presents legal analyses of several court decisions rendered by courts in The Netherlands, Italy, Spain and Ireland in cases concerning phishing with the use of malware; the admissibility of evidence gathered on the basis of remote access by installing a technical tool on a device; and the requirements for a judicial order authorising remote access or interception of communication, especially with regard to, for example, the right to privacy.