The report, entitled Cumulative prosecutions of foreign terrorist fighters for core international crimes and terrorism-related offences: An analysis of selected jurisprudence, builds on the pioneering 2020 report of the same topic, and provides an overview of thirteen selected cumulative prosecution cases. The majority stem from Germany and the Netherlands, which currently have the highest number of court cases with cumulative charges. The analysis also gives insights from similar cases in France and Sweden.

Many of the cases concern FTFs linked to the Islamic State (ISIS), who have, for instance, been sentenced for the enslavement of female Ezidi victims. The report provides practitioners with practical guidance and key legal insights from leading jurisprudence, while also serving as a resource for academics and other professionals in the field. While its primary focus is FTFs and female returnees from Syria and Iraq, its analysis can be applied to other contexts where terrorist groups also qualify as armed groups party to a non-international armed conflict.

The findings suggest a trend towards higher sentences in cases with cumulative charges compared to terrorism-only prosecutions. However, as several cases are still ongoing and the available data remain limited, broader research covering more cases and countries is needed to confirm this pattern. English translations of all 13 cases examined in this report are publicly accessible in the Genocide Prosecution Network’s national jurisprudence database on core international crimes.